| as-block | |
|---|---|
| descr | RIPE NCC ASN block |
| remarks | These AS Numbers are assigned to network operators in the RIPE NCC service region. |
| mnt-by | RIPE-NCC-HM-MNT |
| created | 2018-11-22T15:27:14Z |
| last-modified | 2018-11-22T15:27:14Z |
| source | RIPE |
| aut-num | |
|---|---|
| as-name | UNSPECIFIED |
| descr | Verizon UK Limited Commercial IP service provider Cambridge, England, UK |
| org | ORG-UA24-RIPE |
| import | from AS702 action pref=100; accept ANY AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0} from AS786 action pref=100; accept AS-JANETPLUS AND {0.0.0.0/0} from AS1273 action pref=100; accept AS-ECRC AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0} from AS1290 action pref=100; accept AS-PSINETUK AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0} from AS1299 action pref=100; accept AS-TELIANET AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0} from AS1670 action pref=100; accept AS-ANSUK from AS2028 action pref=100; accept {192.100.101.0/24} from AS2529 action pref=100; accept AS-DEMON AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0} from AS2571 action pref=100; accept {198.141.0.0/16,199.40.0.0/16,199.41.0.0/16,195.217.32.0/21,137.98.0.0/16} from AS2686 action pref=100; accept AS-IGNEMEA AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0} from AS2830 action pref=100; accept ANY from AS2856 action pref=100; accept AS-BTTOLINX NOT AS-DIRCON AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0} from AS3257 action pref=100; accept AS-NACAMAR AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0} from AS3286 action pref=100; accept AS-IOL AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0} from AS3320 action pref=100; accept AS-DTAG AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0} from AS3328 action pref=100; accept AS-NETKONECT AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0} from AS3344 action pref=100; accept AS-VBCNETGB AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0} from AS4000 action pref=100; accept ANY AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0} from AS5089 action pref=100; accept AS-NTLI AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0} from AS5378 action pref=100; accept AS-INSNETEU AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0} from AS5388 action pref=100; accept AS-POLGBR AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0} from AS5390 action pref=100; accept AS-EURONET AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0} from AS5413 action pref=100; accept AS-XARANET AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0} from AS5462 action pref=100; accept AS-CABLEINET AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0} from AS5500 action pref=100; accept {192.153.153.0/24,193.131.247.0/24,195.206.192.0/24,195.206.193.0/24} from AS5409 action pref=100; accept AS-IPF AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0} from AS5551 action pref=100; accept AS-MERCURY AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0} from AS5557 action pref=100; accept AS-ZOO AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0} from AS5571 action pref=100; accept AS-NETCOMUK AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0} from AS5669 action pref=100; accept AS-UNET AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0} from AS6745 action pref=100; accept AS-QUZATRANSIT AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0} from AS6757 action pref=100; accept {194.203.46.0/24} from AS6765 action pref=100; accept AS-WISPER AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0} from AS8297 action pref=100; accept AS-GLOBEINTERNET AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0} from AS8406 action pref=100; accept {192.67.4.0/24,194.70.94.0/24,195.226.32.0/19,195.248.224.0/19,212.88.32.0/19,212.102.96.0/19,213.130.128.0/19,213.170.128.0/19} from AS8718 action pref=100; accept {159.104.6.0/23} from AS8776 action pref=100; accept AS-ANSUK AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0} from AS8902 action pref=100; accept {194.105.160.0/19} from AS8912 action pref=100; accept {212.53.64.0/19} from AS9011 action pref=100; accept {212.100.0.0/19} from AS9084 action pref=100; accept {204.4.130.128/27,204.4.131.128/27} from AS9194 action pref=100; accept {194.129.64.0/20} from AS9195 action pref=100; accept {193.133.197.0/24} from AS10530 action pref=100; accept {194.128.169.0/24} from AS12661 action pref=100; accept {194.153.76.0/23} from AS12760 action pref=100; accept {193.128.126.0/24} from AS13037 action pref=100; accept {212.23.0.0/19} from AS13146 action pref=100; accept {194.201.16.0/22,159.63.208.0/20} from AS15054 action pref=100; accept {63.92.228.0/23,63.92.232.0/23} from AS15510 action pref=100; accept {194.216.112.0/23} |
| export | to AS702 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS786 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS1273 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS1290 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS1299 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS1670 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS2028 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS2529 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS2571 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS2686 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS2830 announce {0.0.0.0/0} to AS2856 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS2885 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS3257 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS3286 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS3320 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS3328 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS3333 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS3344 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS4000 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS4983 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS5089 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS5388 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS5378 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS5390 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS5459 announce ANY to AS5462 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS5500 announce ANY to AS5509 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS5519 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS5551 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS5557 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS5571 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS5621 announce ANY to AS5669 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS6292 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS6745 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS6757 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS6765 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS8068 announce AS-UUNETUK AS-UUNETPIPEXLINX to AS8297 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS8406 announce ANY to AS8718 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS8776 announce ANY to AS8902 announce ANY to AS8912 announce ANY to AS9011 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS9084 announce ANY to AS9194 announce ANY to AS9195 announce ANY to AS10530 announce {0.0.0.0/0} to AS12661 announce ANY to AS12760 announce {0.0.0.0/0} to AS13037 announce ANY to AS5378 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS5390 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS5459 announce ANY to AS5462 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS5500 announce ANY to AS5509 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS5519 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS5551 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS5557 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS5571 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS5621 announce ANY to AS5669 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS6292 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS6745 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS6757 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS6765 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS8068 announce AS-UUNETUK AS-UUNETPIPEXLINX to AS8297 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS8406 announce ANY to AS8718 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS8776 announce ANY to AS8902 announce ANY to AS8912 announce ANY to AS9011 announce AS-UUNETUK to AS9084 announce ANY to AS9194 announce ANY to AS9195 announce ANY to AS10530 announce {0.0.0.0/0} to AS12661 announce ANY to AS12760 announce {0.0.0.0/0} to AS13037 announce ANY to AS13146 announce ANY to AS15054 announce ANY to AS15510 announce ANY |
| default | to AS702 action pref=50; networks {146.188.0.0/16} |
| admin-c | UPHM1-RIPE |
| tech-c | UPHM1-RIPE |
| remarks | Pre-defined Communities Available For Customer Signaling -------------------------------------------------------- The options below are no longer to be used after July 2000 1849:70 Set Local Pref 70 (NO LONGER AVAILABLE) 1849:80 Set Local Pref 80 (NO LONGER AVAILABLE) 1849:90 Set Local Pref 90 (NO LONGER AVAILABLE) 1849:110 Set Local Pref 110 (NO LONGER AVAILABLE) 1849:130 Set Local Pref 130 (NO LONGER AVAILABLE) 1849:9030 Only Advertise these routes in Europe. (NO LONGER AVAILABLE) 1849:9031 Advertise in Europe with prepend elsewhere. (NO LONGER AVAILABLE) 1849:9040 Only Advertise these routes in UK. (NO LONGER AVAILABLE) 1849:9041 Advertise in UK with prepend elsewhere. (NO LONGER AVAILABLE) 1849:9050 Only Advertise these routes to UUNET UK cust base. (NO LONGER AVAILABLE) 1849:9051 Advertise to cust base with prepend elsewhere. (NO LONGER AVAILABLE) 1849:5666 Leak this route out of 1849 (NO LONGER AVAILABLE) see as702 object for other options. AS1849 will pass on any communities sent by the customer, notably the 702:??? options detailed under the AS702 Routing policy. UUNET UK - BGP Route Flap Dampening Policy ------------------------------------------ Standard CISCO BGP Damp Parameters applied. UUNET UK (PIPEX) filters out inbound prefixes longer than /24 MASTER COPY OF THIS ENTRY IS KEPT INTERNALLY Please send abuse notification to abuse@uk.uu.net |
| status | LEGACY |
| mnt-by | AS1849-MNT |
| created | 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z |
| last-modified | 2024-11-07T12:15:42Z |
| source | RIPE |
| organisation | ORG-UA24-RIPE |
|---|---|
| org-name | Verizon UK Limited |
| country | GB |
| reg-nr | 02776038 |
| org-type | LIR |
| address | Sebrathweg 20 44149 Dortmund GERMANY |
| phone | +49 231 972 1299 |
| fax-no | +49 231 972 2082 |
ipam@emea.verizon.com |
|
| admin-c | HSVZ-RIPE ARK-RIPE AW-RIPE WERT1-RIPE |
| mnt-ref | AS1849-MNT RIPE-NCC-HM-MNT |
| mnt-by | RIPE-NCC-HM-MNT AS1849-MNT |
| abuse-c | AVE253-RIPE |
| created | 2004-04-17T12:20:13Z |
| last-modified | 2026-05-13T07:20:53Z |
| source | RIPE |
| role | PIPEX Hostmaster |
|---|---|
| address | Verizon UK Internet House 330 Science Park Milton Road Cambridge CB4 4BZ GB |
| phone | +44 1223 250122 |
| fax-no | +44 1223 250133 |
tech-support@uk.verizonbusiness.com |
|
| remarks | trouble: Telephone number available 24x7 Verizon UK |
| admin-c | WERT1-RIPE |
| tech-c | WERT1-RIPE |
| nic-hdl | UPHM1-RIPE |
| mnt-by | AS1849-MNT |
| created | 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z |
| last-modified | 2015-02-16T11:59:12Z |
| source | RIPE |
as-block: AS1849 - AS1850
descr: RIPE NCC ASN block
remarks: These AS Numbers are assigned to network operators in the RIPE NCC service region.
mnt-by: RIPE-NCC-HM-MNT
created: 2018-11-22T15:27:14Z
last-modified: 2018-11-22T15:27:14Z
source: RIPE
aut-num: AS1849
as-name: UNSPECIFIED
descr: Verizon UK Limited
org: ORG-UA24-RIPE
descr: Commercial IP service provider
descr: Cambridge, England, UK
import: from AS702 action pref=100; accept ANY AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0}
import: from AS786 action pref=100; accept AS-JANETPLUS AND {0.0.0.0/0}
import: from AS1273 action pref=100; accept AS-ECRC AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0}
import: from AS1290 action pref=100; accept AS-PSINETUK AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0}
import: from AS1299 action pref=100; accept AS-TELIANET AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0}
import: from AS1670 action pref=100; accept AS-ANSUK
import: from AS2028 action pref=100; accept {192.100.101.0/24}
import: from AS2529 action pref=100; accept AS-DEMON AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0}
import: from AS2571 action pref=100; accept {198.141.0.0/16,199.40.0.0/16,199.41.0.0/16,195.217.32.0/21,137.98.0.0/16}
import: from AS2686 action pref=100; accept AS-IGNEMEA AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0}
import: from AS2830 action pref=100; accept ANY
import: from AS2856 action pref=100; accept AS-BTTOLINX NOT AS-DIRCON AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0}
import: from AS3257 action pref=100; accept AS-NACAMAR AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0}
import: from AS3286 action pref=100; accept AS-IOL AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0}
import: from AS3320 action pref=100; accept AS-DTAG AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0}
import: from AS3328 action pref=100; accept AS-NETKONECT AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0}
import: from AS3344 action pref=100; accept AS-VBCNETGB AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0}
import: from AS4000 action pref=100; accept ANY AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0}
import: from AS4983 action pref=100; accept AS4983 AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0}
import: from AS5089 action pref=100; accept AS-NTLI AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0}
import: from AS5378 action pref=100; accept AS-INSNETEU AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0}
import: from AS5388 action pref=100; accept AS-POLGBR AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0}
import: from AS5390 action pref=100; accept AS-EURONET AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0}
import: from AS5413 action pref=100; accept AS-XARANET AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0}
import: from AS5459 action pref=100; accept AS5459 AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0}
import: from AS5462 action pref=100; accept AS-CABLEINET AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0}
import: from AS5500 action pref=100; accept {192.153.153.0/24,193.131.247.0/24,195.206.192.0/24,195.206.193.0/24}
import: from AS5409 action pref=100; accept AS-IPF AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0}
import: from AS5551 action pref=100; accept AS-MERCURY AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0}
import: from AS5557 action pref=100; accept AS-ZOO AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0}
import: from AS5571 action pref=100; accept AS-NETCOMUK AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0}
import: from AS5669 action pref=100; accept AS-UNET AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0}
import: from AS6292 action pref=100; accept AS6292 AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0}
import: from AS6745 action pref=100; accept AS-QUZATRANSIT AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0}
import: from AS6757 action pref=100; accept {194.203.46.0/24}
import: from AS6765 action pref=100; accept AS-WISPER AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0}
import: from AS8068 action pref=100; accept AS8068 AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0}
import: from AS8297 action pref=100; accept AS-GLOBEINTERNET AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0}
import: from AS8406 action pref=100; accept {192.67.4.0/24,194.70.94.0/24,195.226.32.0/19,195.248.224.0/19,212.88.32.0/19,212.102.96.0/19,213.130.128.0/19,213.170.128.0/19}
import: from AS8718 action pref=100; accept {159.104.6.0/23}
import: from AS8776 action pref=100; accept AS-ANSUK AND NOT {0.0.0.0/0}
import: from AS8902 action pref=100; accept {194.105.160.0/19}
import: from AS8912 action pref=100; accept {212.53.64.0/19}
import: from AS9011 action pref=100; accept {212.100.0.0/19}
import: from AS9084 action pref=100; accept {204.4.130.128/27,204.4.131.128/27}
import: from AS9194 action pref=100; accept {194.129.64.0/20}
import: from AS9195 action pref=100; accept {193.133.197.0/24}
import: from AS10530 action pref=100; accept {194.128.169.0/24}
import: from AS12661 action pref=100; accept {194.153.76.0/23}
import: from AS12760 action pref=100; accept {193.128.126.0/24}
import: from AS13037 action pref=100; accept {212.23.0.0/19}
import: from AS13146 action pref=100; accept {194.201.16.0/22,159.63.208.0/20}
import: from AS15054 action pref=100; accept {63.92.228.0/23,63.92.232.0/23}
import: from AS15510 action pref=100; accept {194.216.112.0/23}
export: to AS702 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS786 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS1273 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS1290 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS1299 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS1670 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS2028 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS2529 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS2571 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS2686 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS2830 announce {0.0.0.0/0}
export: to AS2856 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS2885 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS3257 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS3286 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS3320 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS3328 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS3333 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS3344 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS4000 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS4983 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS5089 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS5388 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS5378 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS5390 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS5459 announce ANY
export: to AS5462 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS5500 announce ANY
export: to AS5509 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS5519 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS5551 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS5557 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS5571 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS5621 announce ANY
export: to AS5669 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS6292 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS6745 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS6757 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS6765 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS8068 announce AS-UUNETUK AS-UUNETPIPEXLINX
export: to AS8297 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS8406 announce ANY
export: to AS8718 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS8776 announce ANY
export: to AS8902 announce ANY
export: to AS8912 announce ANY
export: to AS9011 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS9084 announce ANY
export: to AS9194 announce ANY
export: to AS9195 announce ANY
export: to AS10530 announce {0.0.0.0/0}
export: to AS12661 announce ANY
export: to AS12760 announce {0.0.0.0/0}
export: to AS13037 announce ANY
export: to AS5378 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS5390 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS5459 announce ANY
export: to AS5462 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS5500 announce ANY
export: to AS5509 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS5519 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS5551 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS5557 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS5571 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS5621 announce ANY
export: to AS5669 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS6292 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS6745 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS6757 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS6765 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS8068 announce AS-UUNETUK AS-UUNETPIPEXLINX
export: to AS8297 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS8406 announce ANY
export: to AS8718 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS8776 announce ANY
export: to AS8902 announce ANY
export: to AS8912 announce ANY
export: to AS9011 announce AS-UUNETUK
export: to AS9084 announce ANY
export: to AS9194 announce ANY
export: to AS9195 announce ANY
export: to AS10530 announce {0.0.0.0/0}
export: to AS12661 announce ANY
export: to AS12760 announce {0.0.0.0/0}
export: to AS13037 announce ANY
export: to AS13146 announce ANY
export: to AS15054 announce ANY
export: to AS15510 announce ANY
default: to AS702 action pref=50; networks {146.188.0.0/16}
admin-c: UPHM1-RIPE
tech-c: UPHM1-RIPE
remarks: Pre-defined Communities Available For Customer Signaling
remarks: --------------------------------------------------------
remarks:
remarks: The options below are no longer to be used after July 2000
remarks:
remarks: 1849:70 Set Local Pref 70 (NO LONGER AVAILABLE)
remarks: 1849:80 Set Local Pref 80 (NO LONGER AVAILABLE)
remarks: 1849:90 Set Local Pref 90 (NO LONGER AVAILABLE)
remarks: 1849:110 Set Local Pref 110 (NO LONGER AVAILABLE)
remarks: 1849:130 Set Local Pref 130 (NO LONGER AVAILABLE)
remarks: 1849:9030 Only Advertise these routes in Europe. (NO LONGER AVAILABLE)
remarks: 1849:9031 Advertise in Europe with prepend elsewhere. (NO LONGER AVAILABLE)
remarks: 1849:9040 Only Advertise these routes in UK. (NO LONGER AVAILABLE)
remarks: 1849:9041 Advertise in UK with prepend elsewhere. (NO LONGER AVAILABLE)
remarks: 1849:9050 Only Advertise these routes to UUNET UK cust base. (NO LONGER AVAILABLE)
remarks: 1849:9051 Advertise to cust base with prepend elsewhere. (NO LONGER AVAILABLE)
remarks: 1849:5666 Leak this route out of 1849 (NO LONGER AVAILABLE)
remarks:
remarks: see as702 object for other options.
remarks:
remarks: AS1849 will pass on any communities sent by the customer,
remarks: notably the 702:??? options detailed under the AS702 Routing policy.
remarks:
remarks: UUNET UK - BGP Route Flap Dampening Policy
remarks: ------------------------------------------
remarks: Standard CISCO BGP Damp Parameters applied.
remarks:
remarks: UUNET UK (PIPEX) filters out inbound prefixes longer than /24
remarks:
remarks: MASTER COPY OF THIS ENTRY IS KEPT INTERNALLY
remarks:
remarks: Please send abuse notification to abuse@uk.uu.net
status: LEGACY
mnt-by: AS1849-MNT
created: 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
last-modified: 2024-11-07T12:15:42Z
source: RIPE
organisation: ORG-UA24-RIPE
org-name: Verizon UK Limited
country: GB
reg-nr: 02776038
org-type: LIR
address: Sebrathweg 20
address: 44149
address: Dortmund
address: GERMANY
phone: +49 231 972 1299
fax-no: +49 231 972 2082
e-mail: ipam@emea.verizon.com
admin-c: HSVZ-RIPE
admin-c: ARK-RIPE
admin-c: AW-RIPE
admin-c: WERT1-RIPE
mnt-ref: AS1849-MNT
mnt-ref: RIPE-NCC-HM-MNT
mnt-by: RIPE-NCC-HM-MNT
mnt-by: AS1849-MNT
abuse-c: AVE253-RIPE
created: 2004-04-17T12:20:13Z
last-modified: 2026-05-13T07:20:53Z
source: RIPE
role: PIPEX Hostmaster
address: Verizon UK
address: Internet House
address: 330 Science Park
address: Milton Road
address: Cambridge
address: CB4 4BZ
address: GB
phone: +44 1223 250122
fax-no: +44 1223 250133
e-mail: tech-support@uk.verizonbusiness.com
remarks: trouble: Telephone number available 24x7
admin-c: WERT1-RIPE
tech-c: WERT1-RIPE
nic-hdl: UPHM1-RIPE
remarks: Verizon UK
mnt-by: AS1849-MNT
created: 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
last-modified: 2015-02-16T11:59:12Z
source: RIPE